Frostbite and Frostnip

Everyone is susceptible to frostbite. Early frostbite is characterized by waxy, white and hard skin that feels numb and has a persistent burning sensation. In more severe cases, frostbitten skin will become blue and mottled or splotchy. An earlier form of frostbite called frostnip can also be a problem. It usually affects the ears, nose, cheeks, fingers and toes. The affected area will be white and numb.

Preventing frostbite and frostnip
Frostbite can occur when temperatures are below freezing. Wind and humidity can shorten the time it takes for frostbite to occur. Follow these recommendations to prevent frostbite and frostnip:

• Wear warm clothing and dress in layers. See our winter dress page for layering suggestions.
• Frequently inspect fingers and noses for signs of frostnip and frostbite.
• If you are away from home, take extra clothing along.
• Keep dry. Wet clothes increase chance of heat loss.
• Nicotine should be avoided because it constricts small blood vessels in the hands and feet predisposing them to frostbite.

Treating frostbite and frostnip
Severe frostbite requires immediate medical attention. If you suspect frostbite:

• Remove cold and wet clothing.
• Do not rub or bump the affected area.
• Do not use direct heat such as a heating pad or hair dryer to warm the affected area.
• Soak frostbitten area in warm - NOT HOT - water. If you don’t have a thermometer, dip your elbow in the water. If the water is too hot for your elbow, it’s too hot. Maintain temperature of water by adding warm water if necessary.
• Soak affected area until it becomes pink.
• If the face is frostbitten, use a soft washcloth. Soak the wash cloth in warm water and wring out any excess.
• After the affected skin turns pink, dry the skin – gently but thoroughly – and wrap with clean gauze bandages.
• If the toes or fingers are frostbitten, place gauze bandages or cotton balls between toes and fingers to permit these areas to dry. Thoroughly drying affected areas can prevent infection.
• The affected skin may have a burning sensation after warming.
• The affected skin may blister, swell, become painful or turn blue, red or purple. Do not pop blisters that appear. Popping blisters on frostbitten skin can cause infection.
• Drink something warm and keep hydrated.
• Seek medical attention as soon as possible for a thorough exam and additional treatment.
• Avoid further exposure to the cold – especially the affected areas.
• Keep warm with clothes and blankets. Dress in clothing that is loose, warm and dry.

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